Create a link to share a read only version of this article with your colleagues and friends. In recent decades, countries throughout Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been developing rapidly in terms of economic development and incomes. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. This product could help you, Accessing resources off campus can be a challenge. In this paper, economic vulnerability is defined as the exposure of an economy to exogenous shocks, arising out of economic openness, while economic resilience is … This site uses cookies. economic vulnerability that examines the proneness of countries to shocks in their performance. Here, a step was taken to ensure the relevance of the data within the domain of social and economic vulnerability research. This study serves as a follow up to the 2015 ENISA Good Practice Guide on Vulnerability Disclosure and seeks to provide a glimpse into the economics, costs, and incentives related to discovering and disclosing vulnerabilities. research, literature review, case studies and expert interviews. last-mile-evacuation.de. The paper briefly reviews the work already carried out on economic vulnerability and extends the research … Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions, If you have access to journal content via a university, library or employer, sign in here, Research off-campus without worrying about access issues. An important conclusion of this research is the fact that owing to their smallness and relative isolation, a number of Abstract: The purpose of this article is to address economic vulnerability in sustainable development. Luke Gelinas, Sarah A White, and Barbara E Bierer. Socio-economic vulnerability and epidemic risk by age. Some society journals require you to create a personal profile, then activate your society account, You are adding the following journals to your email alerts, Did you struggle to get access to this article? Economic decisions taken in the vulnerability disclosure process largely depend on the particular incentives perceived by each actor at different stages of the process. Halpern, SD, Karlawish, JHT, Casarett, D. Hawkins, J, Emanuel, EJ (eds). Economic incentives play a key role in vulnerability disclosure across all actors and processes, regardless of what type of vulnerability disclosure process is ultimately pursued. Quality of healthcare and age of the population. The measurement of economic resilience is carried out through the development of an index gauging the adequacy of policy in four broad areas, namely macroeconomic stability, microeconomic market … The Pardee RAND Graduate School (PRGS.edu) is the largest public policy Ph.D. program in the nation and the only program based at an independent public policy research organization—the RAND Corporation. Assessing Socio-Economic Vulnerability to Climate Change Impacts and Environmental Hazards in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia ERIN F. SMITH*, NONI KEYS, SCOTT N. LIESKE and TIMOTHY F. SMITH Sustainability Research Centre, ML28, University of the Sunshine Coast, Locked Bag 4, Maroochydore DC, Qld 4558, Australia. Oxford Development Studies: Vol. In this paper, economic vulnerability is defined as the exposure of an economy to exogenous shocks, arising out of economic openness, while economic resilience is defined as the policy-induced ability of an economy to withstand or recover from the effects of such shocks. He has also developed expertise in methodologies including…, Nicole van der Meulen, Salil Gunashekar, Stefan Soesanto, Eun A Jo. Drawing upon decades of experience, RAND provides research services, systematic analysis, and innovative thinking to a global clientele that includes government agencies, foundations, and private-sector firms. Economic vulnerability and payment for research participation, https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html, https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/guidance/faq/informed-consent/index.html, https://cioms.ch/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/WEB-CIOMS-EthicalGuidelines.pdf, https://catalyst.harvard.edu/pdf/regulatory/PaymentGuidance.pdf, https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/, Making the case for completion bonuses in clinical trials, The ethics and regulatory landscape of including vulnerable populations in pragmatic clinical trials, Use of altered informed consent in pragmatic clinical research. Erik Silfversten is a research leader at RAND Europe and co-director of the RAND Europe Centre for Futures and Foresight Studies (CFFS). She has to her credit many research articles published in international refereed journals. economic vulnerability and extends research work carried so far towards developing a conceptual and methodological framework for the definition and measurement of economic resilience. How payment for research participation can be coercive, Association between financial incentives and participant deception about study eligibility, International ethical guidelines for health-related research involving humans, Guideline 13, Money, coercion, and undue inducement: a survey of attitudes about payments to research participants, Philosophical reflections on experimenting with human subjects, Motivations, enrollment decisions, and socio-demographic characteristics of healthy volunteers in phase 1 research, More than the money: a review of the literature examining healthy volunteer motivations, Ethics in human subjects research: do incentives matter, Paying research participants: Ethical guidance for IRBs and Investigators, The influence of risk and monetary payment on the research participation decision making process, Informative inducement: study payment as a signal of risk, Community trust reduces myopic decisions of low-income individuals, Empirical assessment of whether moderate payments are undue or unjust inducements for participation in clinical trials, Fair subject selection in clinical research: formal equality of opportunity, Declaration of Helsinki—Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Climate change represents a classic multi-scale global change problem in that it is characterized by infinitely diverse actors, multiple stressors and multiple time scales. *Corresponding author. Economic and Environmental Vulnerability Application and Indicator Selection Countries are eligible to enter or leave the LDC category if they meet the defined inclusion or … These economic aspects are often overlooked and poorly understood, however they may help explain why some vulnerabilities are disclosed responsibly while others are not. What makes research in developing countries ethical? RAND Europe, a research unit of the RAND Corporation, Homeland Security Operational Analysis Center, Allies Growing Closer: Japan-Europe Security Ties in the Age of Strategic Competition, Autonomous Vehicles and the Future of Auto Insurance, Teleworking During the COVID-19 Pandemic Highlights Educational Inequity, Medical Mistrust Could Reduce Vaccine Uptake: Q&A with Laura Bogart. The study also reaffirmed that the economics of vulnerability disclosure is an emerging area of research, with a clear need for additional empirical data and relevant research in a number of areas, including: Erik Silfversten, William D. Phillips, Giacomo Persi Paoli, Cosmin Ciobanu. Fair benefits for research in developing countries, Participants in the 2001 conference on ethical aspects of research in developing countries. In recent years, there have been numerous high-profile vulnerabilities disclosed or exploited that have incurred significant economic and societal costs. Economic vulnerability and payment for research participation. Only a little over 10 percent of people in Japan, for instance, rate as economically vulnerable. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click on download. Economic incentives play a key role in whether users, vendors, finders and coordinators disclose vulnerabilities once they have been discovered. What are the ethical considerations relevant for determining payment rates and practices to individuals who are economically vulnerable? Revisiting Economic Vulnerability in Old Age: Low Income and Subjective Experiences Among Swiss Pensioners Life Course Research and Social Policies 11 , Band 11: Amazon.de: Henke, Julia: Fremdsprachige Bücher The review of the available literature included academic research, technical reports, company publications, media articles and blogs, while a total of 13 interviews were carried out with experts from the vulnerability disclosure community. Please read and accept the terms and conditions and check the box to generate a sharing link. Vulnerability can mainly be broken down into 2 major categories, economic vulnerability, based on socioeconomic factors, and geographic vulnerability. Was Unemployment Insurance Designed to Exclude Black Workers? Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND; Ph.D. Vulnerability disclosure refers to the process of identifying, reporting and patching weaknesses of software, hardware, or services that can be exploited. “Economic vulnerability,” the new OECD research shows, varies widely within the developed world. Approaches to payment for research participation, An analysis of U.S. practices of paying research participants, Why do we pay? Members of _ can log in with their society credentials below, Luke Gelinas, Sarah A White, and Barbara E Bierer, First Published Online: February 17, 2020. An Economic Vulnerability Index: Its Design and Use for International Development Policy Patrick Guillaumont To cite this version: Patrick Guillaumont. × To Support Customers in Easily and Affordably Obtaining the Latest Peer-Reviewed Research, Receive a 20% Discount on ALL Publications and Free Worldwide Shipping on Orders Over US$ 295 Additionally, Enjoy … Between 2017 and the beginning of 2020, the different models had followed a common, slowly increasing trend of higher vulnerability. It is necessary to have processes in place to adequately identify, report and mitigate vulnerabilities. The economic vulnerability category includes persons who are disadvantaged in the distribution of social goods and services such as income, housing, or healthcare. Contact us if you experience any difficulty logging in. I have read and accept the terms and conditions, View permissions information for this article. The study was carried out through a mixed-methods approach comprising desk research, literature review and key informant interviews. For more information view the SAGE Journals Sharing page. Sharing links are not available for this article. A literature review exceeding 400 articles was conducted to ensure the relevance of all data that was collected and compiled into databases. The agriculture sector is fundamental to this development from the economic and social perspectives. 4 Economic vulnerabilities to global health pandemIcs_____6 4.1 Direct impacts _____6 4.2 Economic exposure _____7 4.3 Economic resilience _____7 4.4 Overall vulnerability _____8 5 Which countries are most vulnerable to the impact of coronavirus? Economic vulnerability. Our analysis supports the position that payment to economically vulnerable populations is ethically justified and indeed desirable when certain conditions are met. the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Older societies and poorly functioning healthcare systems often make countries vulnerable to the health impacts of the pandemic. This is important, as individuals of lower socio-economic standing are present in all disease groups and study populations. He has worked across a range of topics including transport, defence and security, education, health and wellbeing. Abstract. By continuing to browse Please check you selected the correct society from the list and entered the user name and password you use to log in to your society website. Definition of Economic Vulnerability: Economic vulnerability refers to risks caused by external/exogenous shocks to system of production, distribution and consumption. Moral standards for research in developing countries: from “reasonable availability” to “fair benefits.”, Research at the auction block: problems for the fair benefits approach to international research. Vulnerabilities in widely used software and hardware can cause immense societal harm across the globe. Social vulnerability research has become a deeply interdisciplinary science, rooted in the modern realization that humans are the causal agents of disasters – i.e., disasters are never natural, but a consequence of human behavior. The four models, introduced in a Liberty Street Economics post in 2018 and updated in a post last year, monitor vulnerabilities of U.S. banking firms and the way in which these vulnerabilities interact to amplify negative shocks. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Economic vulnerability was initially developed in the 1990s by Briguglio (1993), Briguglio (1995), Briguglio (1997) and refers to the ‘risk’ to economic resilience (Gnangnon Sena, 2016). (2009). Harvard catalyst regulatory foundations ethics law program . Economic Vulnerability and Resilience: Concepts and Measurements. 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A national survey of investigators and IRB chairpersons, Commonly performed procedures in clinical research: a benchmark for payment, Paying research subjects: an analysis of current policies, Money, coercion, and undue inducement: attitudes about payments to research participants, Misconceptions about coercion and undue influence: reflections on the views of IRB members, Paying research participants: regulatory uncertainty, conceptual confusion, and a path forward, On paying money to research subjects: “due” and “undue” inducements, Paying research participants: the outsized influence of “undue influence.”, Vulnerability in research: individuals with limited financial and/or social resources, The recruitment of normal healthy volunteers: a review of the literature on the use of financial incentives, Perceptions of financial payment for research participation among African-American drug users in HIV studies, Attrition and retention of ethnically diverse subjects in a multicenter randomized controlled research trial, Payment for research participation: a coercive offer. Just about 40 percent of Americans, by contrast, live at that razor’s edge. The population of poor countries has a state that does not guarantee them minimum conditions of survival and sustenance, and in the pursuit of personal and social growth there is no concern with sustainable development. Is it ethical to offer payment in such contexts? Clinical Trials 0 10.1177/1740774520905596 Download Citation. View or download all the content the society has access to. While some of these disclosures have been done so responsibly, other vulnerabilities have come to light only after substantial cyber attacks. For more information view the SAGE Journals Article Sharing page. It recalls the conceptual and empirical grounds of the index, considers the … Vulnerability disclosure takes place in a wider computing and information security ecosystem whose unique economic structures and incentives have direct economic effects on vulnerability disclosure. He works at the intersection of technology, policy and the future and his primary research interests are complex, strategic policy challenges in relation to…, Will Phillips (he/him) is an analyst at RAND Europe working in the area of home affairs and social policy research. United States Office for Human Research Protections . This report describes characteristics of LGBT adults in California, a population of nearly 1.7 million, in relation to their vulnerability to economic harm from the COVID-19 pandemic. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Candidate, Pardee RAND Graduate School, Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND; Ph.D. Student, Pardee RAND Graduate School. Implications for the exit strategy from COVID-19. Four Gifts for Your Mental Health This (Pandemic) Holiday Season, The Compensation System for Potential Side Effects Is an Important Part of a COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign, Getting to Know Military Caregivers and Their Needs, Helping Coastal Communities Plan for Climate Change, Improving Psychological Wellbeing and Work Outcomes in the UK, >The economics of vulnerability disclosure, Good Practice Guide on Vulnerability Disclosure, Good Practice Guide on Vulnerability Disclosure: From Challenges to Recommendations, Choice Modelling and Behavioural Research. Economic decisions taken in the vulnerability disclosure process largely depend on the particular incentives perceived by each actor at different stages of the process. If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Executive Summary. Share of agriculture, forestry and fishing in GDPRemoteness and landlockednessShare of population living in drylandsInstability of agricultural productionVictims of disastersInstability of exports of For love and money: the need to rethink benefits in HIV cure studies, Barriers to recruiting underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials: a systematic review, Human rights and maternal-fetal HIV transmission prevention trials in Africa, Participants in the 2001 conference on ethical aspects of research in developing countries. However, this sector is highly sensitive to changes in temperature and precipitation and increased climate change impacts. Fernandez Lynch, H, Joffe, S, Thirumurthy, H. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences . National governments should adopt a coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy and begin a discussion of how to best approach a government disclosure decisions process. 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